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\layout Section
\start_of_appendix 
Finding Packages/Tools
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Finding-packages-tools}

\end_inset 


\layout Subsection

Finding more useful tools
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{finding-more-useful-tools}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset Note
collapsed false

\layout Standard

this section could do with an expansion\SpecialChar \ldots{}
have to wait for suggestions.
\end_inset 


\layout Standard

If you are looking to find more tools, the GNU project
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GNU}

\end_inset 

 (GNU's Not Unix) maintains a directory, a website listing categorized links
 to various free-software tools (which they consider useful) called 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[the GNU Directory.]{http://www.gnu.org/directory/}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GNU Directory}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

Also try sites such as 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Sweet Code]{http://www.sweet.org}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Sweet Code}

\end_inset 

 which offer mailing lists of useful tools which they find.
\layout Standard

You may also try looking at the most highly rated, most active or most downloade
d programs at 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[SourceForge]{http://www.sourceforge.net}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SourceForge}

\end_inset 

 and 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[FreshMeat.]{http://www.freshmeat.net}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{FreshMeat}

\end_inset 


\layout Subsection

Finding a particular tool(s)
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{finding-particular-tools}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{finding tools}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

Many of the tools listed in this guide are part of a package of tools, such
 as 
\emph on 
diffutils 
\emph default 

\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{diffutils}

\end_inset 

which contains the various tools used to find differences between files,
 such as 
\emph on 
diff
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{diff}

\end_inset 

, sdiff
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{sdiff}

\end_inset 

, diff3
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{diff3}

\end_inset 

, cmp
\emph default 

\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{cmp}

\end_inset 

.
 Most small tools are bundled together in this fashion.
 Most major distribution's will offer a search function to help you search
 the packages by file, you can of course do this via the command-line interface
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{command-line interface}

\end_inset 

 or a GUI
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GUI}

\end_inset 

.
\layout Standard

If you need to search the distribution's available packages
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{packages}

\end_inset 

 via the command-line
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{command-line}

\end_inset 

, the method will vary depending on the distribution you are using, see
 the subsections below or consult your distribution's documentation (or
 of course the internet):
\layout Subsubsection

Mandriva (urpm* commands, rpm based)
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{finding-mandriva}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{urpm*}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

To find where a particular file came from use 
\emph on 
urpmf
\emph default 
.
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{urpmf}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

Command syntax:
\layout Code

urpmf
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{urpmf}

\end_inset 

 file_name
\layout Standard

The results are often overwhelming as this particular command will take
 a string and list every file of every package
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{package}

\end_inset 

 in it's database that contains the particular keyword
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{keyword}

\end_inset 

 (ie.
 both uninstalled and installed packages
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{packages}

\end_inset 

).
 To refine the results you may want to add a pipe to it and send it through
 
\emph on 
grep -w file_name
\emph default 
 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{grep}

\end_inset 

(the 
\emph on 
-w
\emph default 
 option will only show you only exact (whole word) matches).
 How you would do this is shown below:
\layout Code

urpmf file_name | grep -w file_name
\layout Standard

For more information on the urpm* commands, please refer to the tip towards
 the end of this section: 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{RPM}

\end_inset 

.
 
\layout Subsubsection

Red Hat (rpm)
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{finding-rpms}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{rpm}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

To find which package
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{package}

\end_inset 

 a particular file came from use 
\emph on 
rpm
\emph default 
 with the 
\emph on 
-qf
\emph default 
 option.
\layout Standard

Command syntax:
\layout Code

rpm -qf /path/to/the/file
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{rpm -qf}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

This will find which package the file came from.
 You need to use 
\emph on 
rpm -qf
\emph default 
 not with a keyword
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{keyword}

\end_inset 

 but with the location of the actual file.
 To find more information on the particular package listed use 
\emph on 
rpm
\emph default 
 with the 
\emph on 
-qi
\emph default 
 option.
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{rpm -qi}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

Command syntax:
\layout Code

rpm -qi package_name
\layout Standard

Note that the package name is the name of the package without the 
\emph on 
.arch.rpm 
\emph default 
(often 
\emph on 
.i386.rpm
\emph default 
) extension on the end.
\layout Standard

For more information on the usage of rpm, please refer to this section 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{RPM}

\end_inset 

.
\layout Subsubsection

Debian (deb)
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{finding-debian}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{deb}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

To find where a particular file came from use dpkg with the 
\emph on 
-S
\emph default 
 option.
\layout Standard

There are two ways to do this:
\layout Code

dpkg
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{dpkg}

\end_inset 

 -S file_name
\layout Standard

or
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{dpkg -S}

\end_inset 

:
\layout Code

dpkg -S /path/to/file
\layout Standard

You may also like to try (if it's installed, it's generally a lot faster
 than the 
\emph on 
dpkg
\emph default 
 search):
\layout Code

dlocate
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{dlocate}

\end_inset 

 -S file_name
\layout Standard

For more information on dpkg and dlocate
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{dlocate}

\end_inset 

 please refer to the relevant manual pages and online sources of information.
\layout Subsection

Finding package(s)
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{finding-packages}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

Packages
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Packages}

\end_inset 

 can be found via the internet utilizing sites such as:
\layout Itemize


\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[RPMFind]{http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{RPMFind}

\end_inset 

 for RPM based packages.
\layout Itemize


\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Debian Package List]{http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Debian Package List}

\end_inset 

for deb
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{deb}

\end_inset 

 packages.
\layout Itemize


\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[RPMSeek]{http://www.rpmseek.com}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{RPMSeek}

\end_inset 

, this site intends to index Debian packages as well as RPM
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{RPM}

\end_inset 

.
\layout Itemize


\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[TuxFinder]{http://www.tuxfinder.org}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{TuxFinder}

\end_inset 

 where you can search for deb, rpm, tgz, iso and even documentation.
\layout Standard

Also try the author's homepage and large sites such as 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[FreshMeat]{http://www.freshmeat.net}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{FreshMeat}

\end_inset 

 and 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[SourceForge.]{http://www.sourceforge.net}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SourceForge}

\end_inset 

 
\begin_inset Note
collapsed false

\layout Standard

Note that SourceForge and Freshmeat may offer some kind of utility to find
 the tool and which package it came from, --doesn't exist
\layout Standard

Although generally (with larger tools) the package is named after the tool
 and should be relatively easy to find.--too simplistic?!
\end_inset 


\layout Section

Further Reading
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Further-Reading}

\end_inset 


\layout Subsection

General Further Reading
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{general-further-reading}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

This guide is simply a short summary of some of the available tools of a
 GNU/Linux based distribution.
 If you find a particular command interesting and useful, you can look up
 the on-line manual, or/and info page to learn more about how to use this
 command or check the HOWTO's online at 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Linux Documentation Project.]{http://www.tldp.org}

\end_inset 

 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Linux Documentation Project}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

The manual/info
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{manual}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{info}

\end_inset 

 pages will always be an up-to-date source of information on how to use
 the command.
 Also have a look at the documentation installed on your distribution, its
 normally located in /usr/share/doc.
\layout Standard

Check the references
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{references}

\end_inset 

 section of this document, 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{references}

\end_inset 

, for some links to useful resources which were used in the creation of
 this document.
\layout Standard

Of course if you are having trouble with a particular command try using
 a search engine such as 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Google]{http://www.google.com}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Google}

\end_inset 

 or 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[AllTheWeb]{http://www.alltheweb.com}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{AllTheWeb}

\end_inset 

, or search the usenet groups 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Google Groups.]{http://www.groups.google.com}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Google Groups}

\end_inset 

 If you still can't find a solution, look for a mailing list which is related
 to the topic you are having trouble with, or try a forum which is related
 to the topic.
\layout Standard

Readers who would like another reference to commands may want to have at:
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{command-lists}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize


\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Commands from "Linux in a Nutshell 3rd Edition"]{http://www.onlamp.com/linux/cmd/}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Linux in a Nutshell}

\end_inset 

 as published by Orielly --- this document was not used in the creation
 of this guide, however it is a comprehensive guide to GNU/Linux Commands
 (it's an indexed listing).
 It lists and explains 379 commands taken from 
\emph on 
Linux in a Nutshell 3rd Edition.
\layout Itemize


\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[The Linux Newbie Admin guide list of commands]{http://linux-newbie.sunsite.dk/html/lnag.html#6.Linux%20Shortcuts%20and%20Commands|outline}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Linux Newbie Admin guide}

\end_inset 

 --- another list of commands from an excellent system administration guide
 for GNU/Linux.
\layout Itemize


\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Comptechdoc's Linux Command Quickreference Guide]{http://www.comptechdoc.org/os/linux/commands/linuxcmdquickref.pdf}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Comptechdoc's Linux Command Quickreference}

\end_inset 

 --- a good list of commands but only one line explanations of what they
 actually do\SpecialChar \ldots{}

\layout Itemize


\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[SS64.com list of bash commands]{http://www.ss64.com/bash/}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{SS64.com list of commands}

\end_inset 

 --- this page lists commands and links to their man pages online.
\layout Standard

If you wish to learn more about GNU/Linux on a variety of subjects also
 see the various online (free) tutorials published by 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[IBM Developerworks.]{http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{IBM Developerworks}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

If you are looking for a general reference to everything GNU/Linux try the
 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition.]{http://www.icon.co.za/~psheer/book/index.html.gz}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition}

\end_inset 

 Or take a look at your distributions documentation, Debian maintains comprehens
ive documentation, 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[debian documentation site.]{http://debian.org/doc}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Debian documentation}

\end_inset 


\layout Subsection

Specific Further reading
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{specific-further-reading}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{further reading}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

The most obvious place to look for documentation is to find the homepage
 of the program.
 Although sometimes there are other sources of information such as the 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Linux Documentation Project]{www.tldp.org}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Linux Documentation Project}

\end_inset 

 or various online HOWTO's
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{HOWTO's}

\end_inset 

 or similar guides.
 They are usually easily found using search engines.
 Try large sites such as 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[(ibiblio) the publics library and digital archive]{http://www.ibiblio.org}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{ibiblio}

\end_inset 

 or 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[TuxFinder]{http;//www.tuxfinder.org}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{TuxFinder}

\end_inset 

 which can search for documentation.
\layout Standard

Below is a very short list of some further reading for a few of the more
 complex tools:
\layout Itemize

OpenSSH
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{OpenSSH}

\end_inset 

 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[OpenSSH manual page]{http://www.openssh.com/manual.html}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize

vim
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{vim}

\end_inset 

 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[The Vim HOWTO]{http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Vim-HOWTO/index.html}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize

emacs
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{emacs}

\end_inset 

 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[The Emacs HOWTO]{www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Emacs-Beginner-HOWTO.html}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize

RPM
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{RPM}

\end_inset 

 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[RPM HOWTO]{http://tldp.org/HOWTO/RPM-HOWTO/index.html}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize

Samba
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Samba}

\end_inset 

 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Samba documentation site]{http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize

ImageMagick
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{ImageMagick}

\end_inset 

 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[ImageMagick command-line tools]{http://www.imagemagick.org/script/command-line-tools.php}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize

BASH
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{BASH}

\end_inset 

 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[BASH reference manual]{http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize

Bash\SpecialChar ~
scripting
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{bash scripting}

\end_inset 

 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Advanced bash scripting guide]{http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize

rsync
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{rsync}

\end_inset 

 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[rsync homepage]{http://www.samba.org/rsync/}

\end_inset 


\layout Subsubsection

The UNIX tools philosophy further reading
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{unix-tools-further-reading}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{unix-tools}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize

An article within the coreutils
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{coreutils}

\end_inset 

 documentation (installed on nearly every GNU/Linux distro) provides further
 explanation of the UNIX tools
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{UNIX tools}

\end_inset 

 philosophy.
 To access the article simply type: 
\begin_deeper 
\layout Code

info coreutils
\layout Standard

Then type 
\emph on 
/
\emph default 
 (slash; runs a search) then the string 
\emph on 

\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

toolbox
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 


\emph default 
 (toolbox is the string to be searched for) then hit enter (follow hyperlink)
 and then go down to the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

Toolbox introduction
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 section and hit enter.
 This will give you access to the article.
\end_deeper 
\layout Itemize

Other articles online include an: 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Orielly article on the UNIX tools philosophy.]{http://linux.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/302}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{UNIX tools philosophy}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Orielly}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize


\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[A listing of important qualities of the philosophy.]{http://cbbrowne.com/info/unix.html#UNIXPHILOSOPHY}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize


\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Linux Exposed The Unix Philosophy Explained]{http://www.linuxexposed.com/Articles/General/The-Unix-Philosophy-Explained-2.html }

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{[http://www.linuxexposed.com/Articles/General/Linux Exposed}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize

Or an entire book which is considered the authoritative guide toward understandi
ng the philosophy behind how the UNIX system was built.
 The book is called 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

The Unix Philosophy
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 ISBN: 1555581234.
\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{The Unix Philosophy}

\end_inset 


\layout Subsection

Online Manual And Info Pages
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{Online-Manual-Info-Pages}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{online man pages}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{online info pages}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

While manual pages and info pages are usually installed with the program
 itself they are also available online if you need them, the listed links
 are usually listed by category or by the man page sections.
\layout Subsubsection

Online Manual Page Websites:
\layout Itemize


\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Manual Page Resource Links (from the Linux Documentation Project)]{http://www.tldp.org/docs.html#man}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{[http://www.tldp.org/dman pages}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize
\noindent 

\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[A RedHat Based Searchable Index]{http://linux.ctyme.com/}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize
\noindent 

\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Another Searchable Index]{http://www2.linuxpakistan.net/man.php}

\end_inset 


\layout Itemize
\noindent 

\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Another Manual Page Site (searchable)]{http://techpubs.sgi.com/tpl.cgi/linux/man/}

\end_inset 


\layout Subsubsection

Downloadable Manual Pages:
\layout Itemize


\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Downloadable Man Pages hosted by Ibiblio]{http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/LDP/man-pages/}

\end_inset 


\layout Subsubsection

Online Info Page Website:
\layout Itemize


\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[GNU Manual's]{http://www.gnu.org/manual/manual.html}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GNU Manual's}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{Info Pages}

\end_inset 


\layout Section

GNU Free Documentation License
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{GNU-Free-Documentation-Licence}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{license}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GNU Free documentation license}

\end_inset 


\begin_inset LatexCommand \index{GFDL}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

GNU Free Documentation License
\layout Standard

Version 1.1, March 2000
\layout Standard

Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted
 to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing
 it is not allowed.
\layout Subsection
\noindent 
PREAMBLE
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{PREAMBLE}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written
 document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective
 freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either
 commercially or noncommercially.
 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
 modifications made by others.
\layout Standard

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works
 of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
 It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
 designed for free software.
\layout Standard

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software,
 because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come
 with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does.
 But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for
 any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published
 as a printed book.
 We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction
 or reference.
\layout Subsection

APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{APPLICABILITY-AND-DEFINITIONS}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice
 placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms
 of this License.
 The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work.
 Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".
\layout Standard

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document
 or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or
 translated into another language.
\layout Standard

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the
 Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers
 or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
 matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall
 subject.
 (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary
 Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter
 of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
 legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
 them.
\layout Standard

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are
 designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says
 that the Document is released under this License.
\layout Standard

The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
 Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
 Document is released under this License.
\layout Standard

A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented
 in a format whose specification is available to the general public, whose
 contents can be viewed and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic
 text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs
 or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable
 for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety
 of formats suitable for input to text formatters.
 A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup has been
 designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is
 not Transparent.
 A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
\layout Standard

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
 without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using
 a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML designed
 for human modification.
 Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be
 read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which
 the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-ge
nerated HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
\layout Standard

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus
 such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
 License requires to appear in the title page.
 For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page"
 means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
\layout Subsection

VERBATIM COPYING
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{VERBATIM-COPYING}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
 or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices,
 and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are
 reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever
 to those of this License.
 You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or
 further copying of the copies you make or distribute.
 However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.
 If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow
 the conditions in section 3.
\layout Standard

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
 may publicly display copies.
\layout Subsection

COPYING IN QUANTITY
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{COPYING-IN-QUANTITY}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and
 the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
 Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
 cover.
 Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher
 of these copies.
 The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
 equally prominent and visible.
 You may add other material on the covers in addition.
 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the
 title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
 copying in other respects.
\layout Standard

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
 you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
 actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
\layout Standard

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
 than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along
 with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessib
le computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy of the
 Document, free of added material, which the general network-using public
 has access to download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network
 protocols.
 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when
 you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
 Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until
 at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly
 or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
\layout Standard

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document
 well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance
 to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
\layout Subsection

MODIFICATIONS
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{MODIFICATIONS}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
 conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified
 Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling
 the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification
 of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.
 In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
\layout Standard
\added_space_top medskip \paragraph_spacing onehalf 

A.
 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
 that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should,
 if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document).
 You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher
 of that version gives permission.
\layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing onehalf 

B.
 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible
 for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with
 at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
 authors, if it has less than five).
\layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing onehalf 

C.
 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version,
 as the publisher.
\layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing onehalf 

D.
 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
\layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing onehalf 

E.
 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
 the other copyright notices.
\layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing onehalf 

F.
 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving
 the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
 License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
\layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing onehalf 

G.
 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
 required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
\layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing onehalf 

H.
 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
\layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing onehalf 

I.
 Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an
 item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
 Modified Version as given on the Title Page.
 If there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating
 the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its
 Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated
 in the previous sentence.
\layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing onehalf 

J.
 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
 access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
 locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on.
 These may be placed in the "History" section.
 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least
 four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of
 the version it refers to gives permission.
\layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing onehalf 

K.
 In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the
 section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone
 of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
\layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing onehalf 

L.
 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
 text and in their titles.
 Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section
 titles.
\layout Standard
\paragraph_spacing onehalf 

M.
 Delete any section entitled "Endorsements".
 Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
\layout Standard
\added_space_bottom medskip \paragraph_spacing onehalf 

N.
 Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in
 title with any Invariant Section.
\layout Standard

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
 that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from
 the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections
 as invariant.
 To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
 Version's license notice.
 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
\layout Standard

You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing
 but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example,
 statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization
 as the authoritative definition of a standard.
\layout Standard

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage
 of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover
 Texts in the Modified Version.
 Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
 added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity.
 If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously
 added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
 behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on
 explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
\layout Standard

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
 permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorseme
nt of any Modified Version.
\layout Subsection

COMBINING DOCUMENTS
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{COMBINING-DOCUMENTS}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License,
 under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided
 that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all
 of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections
 of your combined work in its license notice.
\layout Standard

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
 identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy.
 If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different
 contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end
 of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of
 that section if known, or else a unique number.
 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant
 Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
\layout Standard

In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in
 the various original documents, forming one section entitled "History";
 likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections
 entitled "Dedications".
 You must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."
\layout Subsection

COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{COLLECTIONS-OF-DOCUMENTS}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
\layout Standard

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other
 respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
\layout Subsection

AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{AGGREGATION-WITH-INDEPENDENT-WORKS}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
 independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution
 medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of the Document,
 provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation.
 Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this License does not
 apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document,
 on account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative
 works of the Document.
\layout Standard

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies
 of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire
 aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround
 only the Document within the aggregate.
 Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
\layout Subsection

TRANSLATION
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{TRANSLATION}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
 translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission
 from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some
 or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these
 Invariant Sections.
 You may include a translation of this License provided that you also include
 the original English version of this License.
 In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original English
 version of this License, the original English version will prevail.
\layout Subsection

TERMINATION
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{TERMINATION}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
 as expressly provided for under this License.
 Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document
 is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
 remain in full compliance.
\layout Subsection

FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{FUTURE-REVISIONS-OF-THIS-LICENCE}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
 Free Documentation License from time to time.
 Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but
 may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
 See 
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[Copyleft.]{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft}

\end_inset 


\layout Standard

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
 "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following
 the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later
 version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundatio
n.
 If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you
 may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software
 Foundation.
\the_end